Dates & Times
How to Average Time in Excel
Average a list of times or durations with AVERAGE and the right format, average times that cross midnight, average with a condition, and fix the #DIV/0! and text-time problems.
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Dates & Times
How to Add Time in Excel (and total hours over 24)
Add up times with SUM, show totals over 24 hours with [h]:mm, add minutes or hours to a time, and turn a time total into decimal hours for pay.
Dates & Times
Excel Date Difference: days, months or years between two dates
Find the difference between two dates in days (subtract), working days (NETWORKDAYS), whole months or years (DATEDIF), or years-months-days together.
Formulas & Functions
LET Function in Excel: name parts of a formula
LET gives names to values inside a formula so you calculate once and reuse. Syntax, before-and-after examples, and how it makes long formulas faster and readable.
Formulas & Functions
SWITCH Function in Excel (cleaner than nested IF)
SWITCH compares one value against a list and returns the matching result. Syntax, a default value, using it for ranges with TRUE, and when IFS or XLOOKUP is better.
Formulas & Functions
How to Transpose in Excel (turn rows into columns)
Flip rows to columns with Paste Special › Transpose, keep it live with the TRANSPOSE function, and fix the common errors.
Formulas & Functions
SUBTOTAL in Excel: totals that ignore filtered rows
SUBTOTAL sums, counts or averages only the visible rows of a filtered list. The function numbers (9, 109 and friends), and the Data › Subtotal tool for grouped totals.
Formulas & Functions
Moving Average in Excel (formula and chart trendline)
Calculate a 3, 7 or 12-period moving average with AVERAGE and relative ranges, a moving average that grows from the start, and add one to a chart in two clicks.
Formulas & Functions
How to Calculate a Z-Score in Excel
A z-score says how many standard deviations a value is from the average. Calculate it with STANDARDIZE or by hand, spot outliers, and turn it into a percentile.
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